TMD (Modeling Data for OS Library): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 02:22, 23 October 2026 RemmyLee (Hardware and system software pages from the Sony manuals)	Revision as of 02:27, 23 October 2026 RemmyLee (File format pages from the Sony File Formats manual)
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	+	---
	+	title: TMD (Modeling Data for OS Library)
	+	type: format
	+	summary: 3D modeling data for the extended graphics library (libgs).
	+	category: File formats
	+	info: Extension = .TMD
	+	info: ID = 0x00000041
	+	info: Created by = RSDLINK
	+	---
	+
	+	## Overview
	+
	+	The TMD format holds 3D modeling data for the PlayStation extended graphics library (libgs).[^ff224]
	+
	+	TMD data is loaded into memory and passed as an argument to libgs functions.[^ff224]
	+
	+	The RSDLINK utility creates TMD files. It reads an RSD file made by the SCE 3D Graphics Tool or a comparable program.[^ff224]
	+
	+	A TMD file holds the polygons and lines that make up a 3D object. One TMD file can hold one or more objects.[^ff224]
	+
	+	## Coordinate Values
	+
	+	TMD coordinates follow the 3D coordinate space of the 3D graphics library.[^ff224]
	+
	+	The positive X axis points right. The positive Y axis points down, and the positive Z axis points into the depth.[^ff224]
	+
	+	Each spatial coordinate is a signed 16-bit integer from -32768 to +32767.[^ff224]
	+
	+	RSD stores vertices as floating point values. Conversion from RSD to TMD scales the vertex values as needed.[^ff224]
	+
	+	The scale used is stored in the object structure. The current version of libgs ignores it.[^ff224]
	+
	+	## File Format
	+
	+	A TMD file has 4 blocks. An object table is followed by three kinds of data: PRIMITIVE, VERTEX and NORMAL.[^ff224]
	+
	+	### Header
	+
	+	The header is three words (12 bytes) of data about the structure.[^ff225]
	+
	+	The header fields are as follows:
	+
	+	Table: TMD header
	+
	+	\| Field \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| ID \| Version of the TMD file, 32 bits. The current version is 0x00000041. \|
	+	\| FLAGS \| 32 bits. Bit 0 is FIXP. The other bits are reserved and zero. \|
	+	\| NOBJ \| Number of objects \|
	+
	+	FIXP sets whether the pointers in the OBJECT structures are real addresses. 1 is a real address, and 0 is an offset from the start.[^ff225]
	+
	+	### Obj Table
	+
	+	The OBJ TABLE is a table of object structures. Each one points to the data of one object.[^ff225]
	+
	+	The object structure is as follows:
	+
	+	Table: Object structure
	+
	+	\| Member \| Type \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| vert_top \| u_long * \| Start address of the vertices \|
	+	\| n_vert \| u_long \| Number of vertices \|
	+	\| normal_top \| u_long * \| Start address of the normals \|
	+	\| n_normal \| u_long \| Number of normals \|
	+	\| primitive_top \| u_long * \| Start address of the primitives \|
	+	\| n_primitive \| u_long \| Number of primitives \|
	+	\| scale \| long \| Scaling factor \|
	+
	+	With FIXP 1 the three pointers are real addresses. With FIXP 0 they are relative to the top of the OBJECT block.[^ff225]
	+
	+	The scale value is 2 raised to the scaling factor. A factor of 0 gives 1, a factor of 2 gives 4, and -1 gives 1/2.[^ff226]
	+
	+	The scale value returns the model to its scale at design time.[^ff226]
	+
	+	### Primitive
	+
	+	The PRIMITIVE section is a list of drawing packets. One packet is one primitive.[^ff226]
	+
	+	TMD primitives differ from the drawing primitives of libgpu. libgs converts a TMD primitive to a drawing primitive by perspective transformation.[^ff226]
	+
	+	Each packet has a variable length. Its size and structure depend on the primitive type.[^ff226]
	+
	+	A packet holds the following items:
	+
	+	Table: Drawing packet items
	+
	+	\| Item \| Size \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| Mode \| 8 bits \| Type of primitive and its attributes \|
	+	\| Flag \| 8 bits \| Options for rendering \|
	+	\| Ilen \| 8 bits \| Length of the packet data section in words \|
	+	\| Olen \| 8 bits \| Word length of the 2D drawing primitive made by intermediate processing \|
	+	\| Packet data \| Ilen words \| Vertex and normal parameters \|
	+
	+	The top 3 bits of Mode are CODE. CODE gives the entity type.[^ff226]
	+
	+	The CODE values are as follows:
	+
	+	Table: Mode CODE values
	+
	+	\| CODE \| Primitive \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 001 \| Polygon (triangle, quadrilateral) \|
	+	\| 010 \| Straight line \|
	+	\| 011 \| Sprite \|
	+
	+	The Flag bits are as follows:[^ff226]
	+
	+	Table: Flag bits
	+
	+	\| Bit \| Name \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 0 \| LGT \| 1 no light source calculation, 0 light source calculation \|
	+	\| 1 \| FCE \| 1 double-faced polygon, 0 single-faced polygon. Valid only for polygons. \|
	+	\| 2 \| GRD \| 1 gradation polygon, 0 single-color polygon. Valid only for an untextured polygon with light source calculation. \|
	+	\| 3..7 \| \| 0 \|
	+
	+	### Vertex
	+
	+	The vertex section is a list of vertex structures.[^ff227]
	+
	+	Table: Vertex structure
	+
	+	\| Word \| Upper 16 bits \| Lower 16 bits \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 0 \| VY \| VX \|
	+	\| 1 \| \| VZ \|
	+
	+	VX, VY and VZ are the x, y and z coordinates of the vertex as 16-bit integers.[^ff227]
	+
	+	### Normal
	+
	+	The normal section is a list of normal structures.[^ff227]
	+
	+	Table: Normal structure
	+
	+	\| Word \| Upper 16 bits \| Lower 16 bits \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 0 \| NY \| NX \|
	+	\| 1 \| \| NZ \|
	+
	+	NX, NY and NZ are signed 16-bit fixed-point values in which 4096 is 1.0.[^ff227]
	+
	+	The fixed-point format is as follows:
	+
	+	Table: Fixed-point format
	+
	+	\| Bits \| Part \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 15 \| Sign (1 bit) \|
	+	\| 12..14 \| Integral part (3 bits) \|
	+	\| 0..11 \| Decimal part (12 bits) \|
	+
	+	## Packet Data
	+
	+	The packet data section holds the following parameters:[^ff228]
	+
	+	Table: Packet data parameters
	+
	+	\| Parameter \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| Vertex(n) \| 16-bit index of a vertex, counted from the start of the object's vertex section \|
	+	\| Normal(n) \| 16-bit index of a normal, counted in the same way \|
	+	\| Un, Vn \| X and Y coordinates of each vertex in the texture source space \|
	+	\| Rn, Gn, Bn \| Polygon color as unsigned 8-bit integers \|
	+	\| TSB \| Texture page and sprite pattern information \|
	+	\| CBA \| Position of the CLUT in VRAM \|
	+
	+	Without light source calculation, Rn, Gn and Bn must hold the brightness to draw with.[^ff228]
	+
	+	### TSB
	+
	+	TSB holds the texture page and its modes.[^ff228]
	+
	+	Table: TSB fields
	+
	+	\| Field \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| TPAGE \| Texture page number (0 to 31) \|
	+	\| ABR \| Semi-transparency rate. Valid only when ABE is 1. \|
	+	\| TPF \| Color mode: 00 4-bit, 01 8-bit, 10 15-bit \|
	+
	+	The ABR values are as follows:[^ff228]
	+
	+	Table: ABR semi-transparency rates
	+
	+	\| ABR \| Mixture \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 00 \| 50% back + 50% polygon \|
	+	\| 01 \| 100% back + 100% polygon \|
	+	\| 10 \| 100% back - 100% polygon \|
	+	\| 11 \| 100% back + 25% polygon \|
	+
	+	### CBA
	+
	+	CBA gives the position of the CLUT in VRAM.[^ff228]
	+
	+	Table: CBA fields
	+
	+	\| Bits \| Field \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 0..5 \| CLX \| Upper 6 bits of the 10-bit X coordinate of the CLUT \|
	+	\| 6..14 \| CLY \| 9-bit Y coordinate of the CLUT \|
	+
	+	## Primitive Types
	+
	+	### Polygons
	+
	+	From the MSB, a polygon Mode has the bits 0 0 1 IIP Q TME ABE TGE. Q (bit 3) is set for a 4-vertex polygon.[^ff229][^ff230]
	+
	+	The polygon mode bits are as follows:
	+
	+	Table: Polygon mode bits
	+
	+	\| Bit \| Name \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 0 \| TGE \| Brightness calculation at texture mapping: 0 on, 1 off (draws the texture as is) \|
	+	\| 1 \| ABE \| Translucency processing: 0 off, 1 on \|
	+	\| 2 \| TME \| Texture: 0 off, 1 on \|
	+	\| 3 \| \| 1 for a 4-vertex primitive \|
	+	\| 4 \| IIP \| Shading mode: 0 flat, 1 Gouraud \|
	+	\| 5..7 \| CODE \| 001 \|
	+
	+	The manual gives header values for 3-vertex polygons with light source calculation.[^ff230]
	+
	+	The values are as follows:
	+
	+	Table: 3-vertex polygon packets with light source calculation
	+
	+	\| Packet \| Mode \| Flag \| Ilen \| Olen \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| Flat, no texture (solid) \| 0x20 \| 0x00 \| 0x03 \| 0x04 \|
	+	\| Gouraud, no texture (solid) \| 0x30 \| 0x00 \| 0x04 \| 0x06 \|
	+	\| Flat, no texture (gradation) \| 0x20 \| 0x04 \| 0x05 \| 0x06 \|
	+	\| Gouraud, no texture (gradation) \| 0x30 \| 0x04 \| 0x06 \| 0x06 \|
	+	\| Flat, texture \| 0x24 \| 0x00 \| 0x05 \| 0x07 \|
	+	\| Gouraud, texture \| 0x34 \| 0x00 \| 0x06 \| 0x09 \|
	+
	+	These values are for a single-faced polygon without semi-transparency processing.[^ff230]
	+
	+	A packet with light source calculation holds a normal for each vertex in Gouraud mode and one normal in flat mode.[^ff230]
	+
	+	A packet without light source calculation holds no normals. It holds the color to draw with.[^ff232]
	+
	+	### Straight Line
	+
	+	From the MSB, a line Mode has the bits 0 1 0 IIP 0 0 ABE 0.[^ff233]
	+
	+	The line mode bits are as follows:
	+
	+	Table: Straight line mode bits
	+
	+	\| Bit \| Name \| Contents \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 1 \| ABE \| Translucency processing: 0 off, 1 on \|
	+	\| 4 \| IIP \| Gradation: 0 off (monochrome), 1 on \|
	+
	+	The manual gives the following line packet headers:[^ff234]
	+
	+	Table: Straight line packets
	+
	+	\| Packet \| Mode \| Flag \| Ilen \| Olen \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| Gradation off \| 0x40 \| 0x01 \| 0x02 \| 0x03 \|
	+	\| Gradation on \| 0x50 \| 0x01 \| 0x03 \| 0x04 \|
	+
	+	### 3D Sprite
	+
	+	A 3D sprite has 3D coordinates. It draws the same as a normal sprite.[^ff234]
	+
	+	From the MSB, the 3D sprite Mode has the fields 0 1 1 SIZ 1 ABE 0.[^ff234]
	+
	+	The SIZ values are as follows:
	+
	+	Table: 3D sprite SIZ values
	+
	+	\| SIZ \| Sprite size \|
	+	\| --- \| --- \|
	+	\| 00 \| Free size (specified by W, H) \|
	+	\| 01 \| 1 x 1 \|
	+	\| 10 \| 8 x 8 \|
	+	\| 11 \| 16 x 16 \|
	+
	+	## References
	+
	+	[^ff224]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-24.
	+	[^ff225]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-25, Figures 55 and 56.
	+	[^ff226]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-26, Figures 58 and 59.
	+	[^ff227]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-27, Figures 60 to 62.
	+	[^ff228]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-28, Figures 63 and 64.
	+	[^ff229]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-29, Figure 65.
	+	[^ff230]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-30, Figures 66 and 67.
	+	[^ff232]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-32, Figure 70.
	+	[^ff233]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-33, Figure 73.
	+	[^ff234]: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. File Formats. November 1998. Page 2-34, Figures 74 and 75.

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