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---
title: DMA Chopping
type: test
summary: Times an 8192-byte DMA2 transfer to VRAM by block size and by chopping window.
category: Hardware tests
info: Machine = SCPH-5501
info: Program = dma/chopping (ps1-tests)
---

## Overview

The program sends 8192 bytes of random data to VRAM through [DMA](/hardware/dma/) channel 2 after a GP0(A0h) copy command, and times each transfer in CPU cycles from the CHCR write until the channel goes idle. It first uses sync mode 1 with block sizes from 1 to 64 words and 128 words. It then uses sync mode 0 without chopping. Last it uses sync mode 0 with chopping at every pair of DMA window (1 to 128 words) and CPU window (1 to 128 clocks).[^src]

After each transfer the program reads GPUSTAT bit 26 and prints "(GPU busy)" when the GPU was not yet ready for a command.[^src]

## Results

In sync mode 1 the transfer took 22,866 cycles with 1-word blocks and fell as the blocks grew: 12,550 with 2-word blocks, 4,756 with 8, 3,555 with 16, 2,971 with 32 and 2,527 with 128. Sync mode 0 without chopping took 2,245 cycles. No other transfer was shorter.[^run]

With chopping in sync mode 0, the DMA window sets the words moved in each turn and the CPU window the clocks given back to the CPU between turns. The times of the run of 25 September 2026 were as follows:[^run]

Table: Sync mode 0 transfer time with chopping (CPU cycles)

| DMA window (words) | CPU 1 | CPU 2 | CPU 4 | CPU 8 | CPU 16 | CPU 32 | CPU 64 | CPU 128 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 18,797 | 18,795 | 22,863 | 30,899 | 47,731 | 80,696 | 81,931 | 80,045 |
| 2 | 9,438 | 10,551 | 12,548 | 16,450 | 24,638 | 41,008 | 73,755 | 73,677 |
| 4 | 5,782 | 6,320 | 7,351 | 9,422 | 13,430 | 21,860 | 37,952 | 70,681 |
| 8 | 3,984 | 4,242 | 4,755 | 5,758 | 7,772 | 11,960 | 20,160 | 36,351 |
| 16 | 3,054 | 3,243 | 3,471 | 4,010 | 4,998 | 7,034 | 11,048 | 19,226 |
| 32 | 2,676 | 2,766 | 2,810 | 3,124 | 3,630 | 4,634 | 6,596 | 10,748 |
| 64 | 2,464 | 2,500 | 2,560 | 2,680 | 2,908 | 3,418 | 4,400 | 6,420 |
| 128 | 2,338 | 2,362 | 2,390 | 2,470 | 2,580 | 2,780 | 3,304 | 4,199 |

With a 1-word DMA window the time stopped growing at about 80,000 cycles once the CPU window reached 32 clocks. With a 2-word window it stopped at about 73,700 cycles from 64 clocks on.[^run]

The six runs agreed to within 0.5% on the small figures. The sync mode 0 transfer without chopping took 2,242 to 2,252 cycles and the 1-word block transfer 22,860 to 22,866 cycles. The 128-word, 128-clock transfer took 4,199 to 4,242 cycles.[^run]

## Runs

### 25 September 2026

[10CHP.txt](/tests/raw/20260925T0000Z-5501a-card-main/main/10CHP.txt)

```
===== 10 CHP DMA CHOPPING | BIOS 19951204 System ROM Version 3.0 11/18/96 A

dma/chopping (DMA Channel 2 CPU->VRAM, chopping test)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   1                            ... took 22866 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   2                            ... took 12550 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   3                            ... took  9167 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   4                            ... took  7352 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   5                            ... took  6347 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   6                            ... took  5712 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   7                            ... took  5163 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   8                            ... took  4756 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   9                            ... took  4545 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  10                            ... took  4372 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  11                            ... took  4156 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  12                            ... took  4074 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  13                            ... took  3913 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  14                            ... took  3793 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  15                            ... took  3662 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  16                            ... took  3555 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  17                            ... took  3556 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  18                            ... took  3502 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  19                            ... took  3445 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  20                            ... took  3402 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  21                            ... took  3221 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  22                            ... took  3277 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  23                            ... took  3328 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  24                            ... took  3241 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  25                            ... took  3127 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  26                            ... took  3209 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  27                            ... took  3116 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  28                            ... took  3096 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  29                            ... took  3091 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  30                            ... took  3081 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  31                            ... took  3013 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  32                            ... took  2971 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  33                            ... took  3034 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  34                            ... took  3039 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  35                            ... took  2937 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  36                            ... took  2975 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  37                            ... took  2933 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  38                            ... took  2956 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  39                            ... took  2863 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  40                            ... took  2928 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  41                            ... took  2856 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  42                            ... took  2775 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  43                            ... took  2845 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  44                            ... took  2712 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  45                            ... took  2735 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  46                            ... took  2725 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  47                            ... took  2702 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  48                            ... took  2674 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  49                            ... took  2684 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  50                            ... took  2662 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  51                            ... took  2683 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  52                            ... took  2643 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  53                            ... took  2602 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  54                            ... took  2611 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  55                            ... took  2647 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  56                            ... took  2718 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  57                            ... took  2582 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  58                            ... took  2760 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  59                            ... took  2693 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  60                            ... took  2761 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  61                            ... took  2667 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  62                            ... took  2708 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  63                            ... took  2687 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  64                            ... took  2737 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize: 128                            ... took  2527 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, no chopping                               ... took  2245 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took 18797 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 18795 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 22863 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 30899 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 47731 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 80696 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 81931 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 80045 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  9438 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 10551 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 12548 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 16450 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 24638 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 41008 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 73755 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 73677 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  5782 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  6320 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  7351 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  9422 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 13430 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 21860 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 37952 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 70681 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  3984 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  4242 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  4755 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  5758 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  7772 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 11960 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 20160 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 36351 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  3054 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  3243 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  3471 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  4010 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  4998 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  7034 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 11048 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 19226 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2676 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2766 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2810 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  3124 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  3630 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  4634 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  6596 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 10748 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2464 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2500 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2560 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2680 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2908 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  3418 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  4400 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  6420 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2338 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2362 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2390 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2470 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2580 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  2780 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  3304 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  4199 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
Done.
```

### 27 September 2026

[10CHP.txt](/tests/raw/20260927T0000Z-5501a-card-2/main/s024/10CHP.txt)

```
===== 10 CHP DMA CHOPPING | BIOS 19951204 System ROM Version 3.0 11/18/96 A

dma/chopping (DMA Channel 2 CPU->VRAM, chopping test)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   1                            ... took 22860 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   2                            ... took 12554 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   3                            ... took  9142 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   4                            ... took  7356 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   5                            ... took  6331 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   6                            ... took  5673 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   7                            ... took  5196 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   8                            ... took  4841 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   9                            ... took  4560 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  10                            ... took  4380 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  11                            ... took  4171 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  12                            ... took  4054 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  13                            ... took  3873 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  14                            ... took  3809 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  15                            ... took  3660 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  16                            ... took  3606 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  17                            ... took  3548 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  18                            ... took  3473 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  19                            ... took  3464 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  20                            ... took  3401 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  21                            ... took  3385 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  22                            ... took  3340 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  23                            ... took  3299 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  24                            ... took  3240 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  25                            ... took  3189 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  26                            ... took  3107 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  27                            ... took  3137 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  28                            ... took  3019 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  29                            ... took  2978 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  30                            ... took  2970 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  31                            ... took  2902 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  32                            ... took  2919 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  33                            ... took  2906 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  34                            ... took  2875 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  35                            ... took  2847 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  36                            ... took  2820 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  37                            ... took  2967 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  38                            ... took  2876 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  39                            ... took  2877 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  40                            ... took  2883 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  41                            ... took  2829 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  42                            ... took  2855 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  43                            ... took  2839 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  44                            ... took  2813 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  45                            ... took  2829 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  46                            ... took  2832 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  47                            ... took  2785 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  48                            ... took  2740 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  49                            ... took  2822 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  50                            ... took  2733 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  51                            ... took  2767 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  52                            ... took  2765 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  53                            ... took  2704 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  54                            ... took  2692 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  55                            ... took  2740 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  56                            ... took  2731 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  57                            ... took  2743 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  58                            ... took  2739 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  59                            ... took  2687 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  60                            ... took  2788 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  61                            ... took  2620 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  62                            ... took  2760 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  63                            ... took  2699 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  64                            ... took  2685 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize: 128                            ... took  2538 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, no chopping                               ... took  2252 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took 18796 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 18804 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 22870 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 30909 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 47709 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 80688 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 81935 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 80049 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  9436 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 10557 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 12546 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 16452 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 24640 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 41004 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 73741 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 73681 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  5871 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  6336 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  7356 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  9437 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 13518 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 21881 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 38006 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 70679 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  4049 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  4303 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  4754 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  5840 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  7802 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 11948 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 20168 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 36352 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  3139 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  3284 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  3488 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  4065 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  5041 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  7088 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 11076 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 19293 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2691 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2768 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2804 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  3149 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  3640 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  4632 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  6608 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 10758 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2465 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2490 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2556 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2686 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2900 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  3410 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  4408 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  6416 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2350 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2372 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2402 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2463 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2572 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  2787 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  3312 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  4212 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
Done.
```

### 27 September 2026 run 2

[10CHP.txt](/tests/raw/20260927T0000Z-5501a-card-b/main/s034/10CHP.txt)

```
===== 10 CHP DMA CHOPPING | BIOS 19951204 System ROM Version 3.0 11/18/96 A

dma/chopping (DMA Channel 2 CPU->VRAM, chopping test)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   1                            ... took 22861 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   2                            ... took 12551 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   3                            ... took  9143 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   4                            ... took  7351 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   5                            ... took  6331 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   6                            ... took  5673 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   7                            ... took  5192 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   8                            ... took  4837 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   9                            ... took  4556 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  10                            ... took  4381 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  11                            ... took  4175 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  12                            ... took  4067 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  13                            ... took  3881 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  14                            ... took  3845 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  15                            ... took  3706 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  16                            ... took  3600 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  17                            ... took  3535 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  18                            ... took  3499 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  19                            ... took  3431 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  20                            ... took  3419 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  21                            ... took  3345 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  22                            ... took  3336 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  23                            ... took  3282 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  24                            ... took  3251 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  25                            ... took  3217 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  26                            ... took  3138 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  27                            ... took  3085 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  28                            ... took  3030 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  29                            ... took  2979 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  30                            ... took  2993 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  31                            ... took  2911 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  32                            ... took  2920 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  33                            ... took  2904 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  34                            ... took  2884 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  35                            ... took  2862 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  36                            ... took  2814 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  37                            ... took  2981 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  38                            ... took  2924 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  39                            ... took  2883 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  40                            ... took  2904 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  41                            ... took  2857 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  42                            ... took  2857 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  43                            ... took  2813 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  44                            ... took  2818 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  45                            ... took  2847 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  46                            ... took  2785 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  47                            ... took  2791 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  48                            ... took  2772 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  49                            ... took  2778 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  50                            ... took  2732 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  51                            ... took  2760 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  52                            ... took  2767 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  53                            ... took  2696 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  54                            ... took  2678 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  55                            ... took  2769 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  56                            ... took  2768 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  57                            ... took  2732 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  58                            ... took  2691 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  59                            ... took  2715 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  60                            ... took  2756 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  61                            ... took  2688 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  62                            ... took  2744 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  63                            ... took  2677 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  64                            ... took  2743 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize: 128                            ... took  2526 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, no chopping                               ... took  2252 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took 18799 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 18792 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 22864 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 30908 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 47715 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 80688 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 81933 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 80046 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  9442 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 10555 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 12546 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 16452 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 24640 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 41004 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 73741 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 73679 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  5871 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  6317 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  7357 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  9430 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 13518 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 21854 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 38006 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 70679 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  4049 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  4303 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  4754 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  5840 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  7802 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 11962 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 20172 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 36352 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  3139 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  3284 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  3497 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  4044 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  5041 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  7088 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 11076 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 19293 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2691 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2768 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2804 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  3124 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  3659 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  4643 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  6577 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 10758 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2465 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2490 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2562 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2686 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2900 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  3411 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  4408 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  6416 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2357 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2377 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2412 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2457 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2582 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  2792 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  3308 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  4242 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
Done.
```

### 27 September 2026 run 3

[10CHP.txt](/tests/raw/20260927T0000Z-5501a-card-g/main/10CHP.txt)

```
===== 10 CHP DMA CHOPPING | BIOS 19951204 System ROM Version 3.0 11/18/96 A

dma/chopping (DMA Channel 2 CPU->VRAM, chopping test)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   1                            ... took 22860 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   2                            ... took 12554 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   3                            ... took  9142 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   4                            ... took  7353 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   5                            ... took  6326 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   6                            ... took  5683 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   7                            ... took  5206 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   8                            ... took  4837 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   9                            ... took  4572 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  10                            ... took  4353 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  11                            ... took  4157 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  12                            ... took  4015 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  13                            ... took  3899 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  14                            ... took  3829 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  15                            ... took  3662 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  16                            ... took  3599 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  17                            ... took  3576 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  18                            ... took  3480 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  19                            ... took  3437 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  20                            ... took  3397 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  21                            ... took  3322 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  22                            ... took  3303 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  23                            ... took  3259 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  24                            ... took  3254 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  25                            ... took  3167 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  26                            ... took  3157 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  27                            ... took  3123 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  28                            ... took  3028 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  29                            ... took  2984 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  30                            ... took  2976 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  31                            ... took  2899 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  32                            ... took  2923 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  33                            ... took  2919 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  34                            ... took  2854 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  35                            ... took  2856 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  36                            ... took  2827 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  37                            ... took  2966 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  38                            ... took  2883 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  39                            ... took  2864 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  40                            ... took  2901 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  41                            ... took  2850 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  42                            ... took  2822 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  43                            ... took  2846 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  44                            ... took  2812 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  45                            ... took  2812 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  46                            ... took  2790 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  47                            ... took  2881 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  48                            ... took  2790 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  49                            ... took  2836 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  50                            ... took  2715 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  51                            ... took  2751 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  52                            ... took  2754 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  53                            ... took  2715 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  54                            ... took  2709 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  55                            ... took  2760 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  56                            ... took  2733 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  57                            ... took  2711 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  58                            ... took  2771 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  59                            ... took  2707 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  60                            ... took  2752 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  61                            ... took  2707 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  62                            ... took  2719 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  63                            ... took  2687 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  64                            ... took  2700 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize: 128                            ... took  2511 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, no chopping                               ... took  2242 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took 18791 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 18804 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 22870 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 30909 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 47715 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 80706 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 81935 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 80057 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  9441 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 10556 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 12558 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 16452 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 24638 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 41004 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 73741 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 73679 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  5874 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  6336 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  7356 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  9437 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 13518 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 21881 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 38006 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 70679 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  4049 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  4303 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  4754 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  5840 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  7802 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 11962 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 20172 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 36352 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  3139 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  3280 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  3496 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  4048 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  5052 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  7088 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 11070 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 19283 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2696 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2758 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2799 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  3114 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  3650 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  4636 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  6602 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 10742 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2465 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2505 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2539 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2677 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2920 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  3411 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  4398 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  6406 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2350 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2355 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2407 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2467 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2575 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  2797 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  3307 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  4207 CPU cycles. 
Done.
```

### 27 September 2026 run 4

[10CHP.txt](/tests/raw/20260927T0000Z-5501a-card-g3/main/10CHP.txt)

```
===== 10 CHP DMA CHOPPING | BIOS 19951204 System ROM Version 3.0 11/18/96 A

dma/chopping (DMA Channel 2 CPU->VRAM, chopping test)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   1                            ... took 22866 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   2                            ... took 12555 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   3                            ... took  9132 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   4                            ... took  7359 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   5                            ... took  6339 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   6                            ... took  5700 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   7                            ... took  5196 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   8                            ... took  4831 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   9                            ... took  4538 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  10                            ... took  4358 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  11                            ... took  4122 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  12                            ... took  4033 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  13                            ... took  3887 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  14                            ... took  3835 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  15                            ... took  3696 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  16                            ... took  3613 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  17                            ... took  3528 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  18                            ... took  3460 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  19                            ... took  3399 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  20                            ... took  3407 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  21                            ... took  3324 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  22                            ... took  3298 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  23                            ... took  3300 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  24                            ... took  3221 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  25                            ... took  3122 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  26                            ... took  3154 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  27                            ... took  3123 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  28                            ... took  3141 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  29                            ... took  3048 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  30                            ... took  3096 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  31                            ... took  3109 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  32                            ... took  3026 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  33                            ... took  3037 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  34                            ... took  2981 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  35                            ... took  2989 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  36                            ... took  2924 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  37                            ... took  2949 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  38                            ... took  2872 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  39                            ... took  2945 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  40                            ... took  2909 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  41                            ... took  2844 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  42                            ... took  2863 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  43                            ... took  2819 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  44                            ... took  2835 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  45                            ... took  2798 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  46                            ... took  2813 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  47                            ... took  2814 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  48                            ... took  2768 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  49                            ... took  2656 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  50                            ... took  2651 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  51                            ... took  2628 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  52                            ... took  2769 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  53                            ... took  2721 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  54                            ... took  2715 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  55                            ... took  2761 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  56                            ... took  2807 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  57                            ... took  2718 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  58                            ... took  2758 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  59                            ... took  2685 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  60                            ... took  2732 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  61                            ... took  2685 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  62                            ... took  2828 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  63                            ... took  2652 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  64                            ... took  2646 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize: 128                            ... took  2460 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, no chopping                               ... took  2249 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took 18802 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 18796 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 22862 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 30898 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 47709 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 80693 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 81933 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 80042 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  9433 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 10558 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 12555 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 16449 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 24633 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 41007 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 73738 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 73683 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  5861 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  6318 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  7349 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  9428 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 13523 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 21854 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 38003 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 70694 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  4048 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  4305 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  4749 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  5844 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  7863 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 11939 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 20175 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 36357 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  3128 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  3275 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  3482 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  4063 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  5044 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  7088 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 11085 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 19287 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2699 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2761 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2814 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  3130 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  3617 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  4636 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  6581 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 10731 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2459 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2490 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2550 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2693 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2917 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  3422 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  4407 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  6408 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2342 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2358 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2393 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2465 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2569 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  2805 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  3303 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  4199 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
Done.
```

### 28 September 2026

[10CHP.txt](/tests/raw/20260928T0000Z-5501a-card-h/main/10CHP.txt)

```
===== 10 CHP DMA CHOPPING | BIOS 19951204 System ROM Version 3.0 11/18/96 A

dma/chopping (DMA Channel 2 CPU->VRAM, chopping test)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   1                            ... took 22866 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   2                            ... took 12555 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   3                            ... took  9132 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   4                            ... took  7359 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   5                            ... took  6339 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   6                            ... took  5700 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   7                            ... took  5196 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   8                            ... took  4831 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:   9                            ... took  4538 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  10                            ... took  4358 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  11                            ... took  4124 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  12                            ... took  4056 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  13                            ... took  3857 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  14                            ... took  3793 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  15                            ... took  3675 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  16                            ... took  3603 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  17                            ... took  3585 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  18                            ... took  3550 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  19                            ... took  3429 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  20                            ... took  3355 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  21                            ... took  3365 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  22                            ... took  3255 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  23                            ... took  3271 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  24                            ... took  3221 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  25                            ... took  3139 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  26                            ... took  3137 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  27                            ... took  3124 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  28                            ... took  3180 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  29                            ... took  3062 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  30                            ... took  3068 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  31                            ... took  3002 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  32                            ... took  3023 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  33                            ... took  3043 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  34                            ... took  2974 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  35                            ... took  3005 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  36                            ... took  2948 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  37                            ... took  2912 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  38                            ... took  2851 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  39                            ... took  2884 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  40                            ... took  2844 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  41                            ... took  2840 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  42                            ... took  2883 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  43                            ... took  2840 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  44                            ... took  2820 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  45                            ... took  2809 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  46                            ... took  2837 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  47                            ... took  2838 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  48                            ... took  2753 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  49                            ... took  2669 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  50                            ... took  2627 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  51                            ... took  2649 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  52                            ... took  2772 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  53                            ... took  2807 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  54                            ... took  2703 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  55                            ... took  2706 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  56                            ... took  2738 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  57                            ... took  2665 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  58                            ... took  2718 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  59                            ... took  2712 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  60                            ... took  2765 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  61                            ... took  2668 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  62                            ... took  2756 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  63                            ... took  2673 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize:  64                            ... took  2730 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 1, 8192 bytes, blockSize: 128                            ... took  2497 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, no chopping                               ... took  2249 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took 18802 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 18796 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 22863 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 30909 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 47719 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 80682 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 81933 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   1 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 80040 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  9439 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took 10553 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took 12555 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took 16449 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 24633 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 41007 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 73738 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   2 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 73683 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  5861 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  6318 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  7349 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  9426 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took 13523 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 21854 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 38003 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   4 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 70694 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  4048 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  4305 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  4741 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  5844 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  7863 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took 11955 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 20175 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:   8 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 36357 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  3128 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  3275 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  3482 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  4063 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  5044 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  7085 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took 11085 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  16 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 19287 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2704 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2765 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2825 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  3121 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  3617 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  4636 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  6581 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  32 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took 10731 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2459 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2490 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2550 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2683 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2905 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  3407 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  4405 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow:  64 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  6413 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   1 clks ... took  2342 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   2 clks ... took  2361 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   4 clks ... took  2386 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:   8 clks ... took  2450 CPU cycles. 
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  16 clks ... took  2569 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  32 clks ... took  2805 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow:  64 clks ... took  3299 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
DMA2, SyncMode: 0, 8192 bytes, dmaWindow: 128 words, cpuWindow: 128 clks ... took  4242 CPU cycles. (GPU busy)
Done.
```

## References

[^src]: ps1-tests, dma/chopping. https://github.com/JaCzekanski/ps1-tests.
[^run]: SCPH-5501 output: [main/10CHP.txt](/tests/raw/20260925T0000Z-5501a-card-main/main/10CHP.txt) and the files beside it, with the other runs listed under Runs.